Sewing

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Needles, Sewing Machine

Types

Universal
Most woven fabrics
Ball Point
Jersey, knit fabrics
Stretch
Super stretchy fabrics: lycra, super mesh, etc.
Sharps
Densely-woven fabrics: silks, microfiber, multiple layers, quilting

Sizes

Thickness of the needle (not the tip).

8 to 10 (60 to 70)
Super fine fabrics: voile, sheers, georgettes, chiffons
12 (80)
MOST common; Cottons, shirting, light wools, quilting cotton, rayon
14 (90)
common; Linen, light denim, drill cotton
16 (100)
Heavy denim, canvas, upholstery
18 (110)
Leather, etc.